Definition Am×n=a11⋮am1…⋱…a1n⋮amn Operations Addition, Subtraction Am×n±Bm×n=a11±b11⋮am1±bm1…⋱…a1n±b1n⋮amn±bmn Scalar Multiplication kAm×n=ka11⋮kam1…⋱…ka1n⋮kamn Transpose A⊺ aij→⊺aji, Am×n→⊤An×m Trace Determinant Matrix Multiplication Am×p⋅Bp×n=a11⋮am1…⋱…a1p⋮ampb11⋮bp1…⋱…b1n⋮bpn=a11+b11+⋯+a1p+bp1⋮am1+b11+⋯+amp+bp1…⋱…a11+b1n+⋯+a1p+bpn⋮am1+b1n+⋯+amp+bpnm×n Ai⊺⋅Bj=∑k=1paik⋅bkj=cij where 1≤i≤m, 1≤j≤n Vector-Matrix Multiplication Ax=[A1,A2,…,An][x1,x2,…,xn]⊺=x1A1+x2A2+⋯+xnAn=∑k=1nxkAk