Phonemic analysis is the process of identifying phonemes, allophones, and the phonological rules that link them in a language.

  1. Use minimal pairs to identify which sounds are phonemes and which ones are allophones.
  2. List the phonetic environments observed for each allophone.
  3. Determine which allophones are in Complementary Distribution and which one are in Free Variation.
  4. For the allophones in the complementary distribution, identify the Natural Classes in the conditioning environments.
  5. Write down the rules.