A sound becomes more similar to a neighboring sound.

  • Nasal assimilation: /æ/ -> [æ̃] / before nasal consonants, /æ/ -> [æ] / elsewhere (e.g., cat/kæt/ -> [kæt], can/kæn/ -> [kæ̃n])
  • Voicing assimilation: /l/ -> [l̥] / after a voiceless obstruent, /l/ -> [l] / elsewhere (e.g., plays/pleɪz/ -> [pʰl̥eɪz], clue/klu/ -> [kʰl̥u], sly/slaɪ/ -> [sl̥aɪ], glaze/gleɪz/ -> [gleɪz])
  • Palatization: /t/ -> [t͡ʃ] / before [i] or [j], /k/ -> [t͡ʃ] / before [i] or [j], /d/ -> [d͡ʒ] / before [i] or [j], /g/ -> [d͡ʒ] / before [i] or [j], /s/ -> [ʃ] / before [i] or [j], /z/ -> [ʒ] / before [i] or [j] (e.g., did you?/dɪd ju/ -> [dɪdʒu])
  • Place assimilation: /ʌn/ -> [ʌ̃n] / before an alveolar consonant, /ʌn/ -> [ʌ̃m] / before an bilabial consonant, /ʌn/ -> [ʌ̃ŋ] / before an velar consonant (e.g., unstable/ʌn'steɪbl̥/ -> [ʌ̃n'steɪbl̥], unbelievable/ʌnbə'livəbl̥/ -> [ʌ̃mbə'livəbl̥], unclear/ʌn'kliɹ/ -> [ʌ̃ŋ'kʰliɹ])